Frequently Asked Questions
FAQ Agronomy | FAQ Animal Science | FAQ Horticulture | FAQ Plant Protection
FAQ on Plant Protection
Q: Management of termite and red ant problem?
A: Termites and red ants cause infestations in the under ground plant parts like the stems, tubers and roots of the crops. Application of mustard oil cake and neem cake together @ 40 kg/ha at the time of field preparation gives good control of theses pests.
Q: Management of Botrytis blight of tomato in green houses?
A: In the green house grown tomato this is a major problem and the infection is seen in all the above ground plant parts starting from the stem, branches, leaves, flowers and fruit. The disease can be managed by following crop sanitation and application of Bavistin @ 0.1% at 10 days interval.
Q: Management of late blight of tomato and potato?
A: The disease is common when the ambient temperature is low with high humidity. Prophylactic as well as curative protection is achieved with alternate spraying of Metalaxyl and Mancozeb @ 0.2% and 0.25% at 10 days interval.
Q: Management of bacterial speck of tomato?
A: Small spots are seen all over the leaves of the tomato plant. The disease is managed with bordeaux mixture 1% sprayings at 15 days interval or three sprayings with agrimycine 0.01% at 10 days interval.
Q: Management of bacterial wilt of chilli and other solonaceous vegetables?
A: Bacterial wilt can be managed by following crop rotation with non host crops, field sanitation, application of bordeaux mixture and/or hot water treatment of the seed at 50ºC for 25 minutes. Also seed treatment can be done with streptomycine at 500 ppm for 1 hour.
Q: Management of semilooper problem in cabbage?
A: Semilooper cause heavy loss by feeding on the cabbage and other cole crops. Hand picking is the best method to control this pest when the population is low. Any neem oil product like osok, nimbicidine, multineem etc. applied @ 2 ml/l gives good control.
Q: Management of damping off disease?
A: This is the most common disease in nurseries, either seed do not emerge as seedlings from the soil or after the emergence of seedlings topple down at the soil line and die. Soil and seed treatment with any bioformulation of Trichoderma harzianum @ 3-5 g/kg of seed or per sqm. area reduces seed and seedling mortality.
Q: Management of head rot of cauliflower?
A: Injury to the plant should be avoided to protect against head rot. Sanitation should be maintained.
Q: Management of blast disease of rice?
A: Resistant varieties should be selected. Botanicals and Boiformulations like fingard, blast off, immuno boom, etc. should be used.
Q: Management of citrus decline?
A: Citrus decline is sometimes due to a single factor or many factors clubbed together. Hence the proper reason is to be sorted out and care taken accordingly. However, here improper care and management is on of the main reasons. Calendar of operations regarding fertilizer/manure application, plant protection measures etc. to be adopted properly.
Q: Management of stem borer in citrus?
A: The hole in the stem is to be located. A wire with a cotton swab of petrol/kerosene is to be smeared through out the funnel both ways – upward and downward. Once the insect comes out the hole is then plugged with mud.
Q: Management of blight of turmeric?
A: Blight of turmeric is managed with sprayings of 1% Bordeaux mixture.
Q: Management of rhizome rot of ginger?
A: Rhizome rot of ginger can be managed by following crop rotation, seed treatment with 1% Bordeaux mixture and subsequent sprayings with 1% Bordeaux mixture regarding at 15 days interval.
Q: Management of yellow mosquie disease of soybean ?
A: Use of certified seeds practice weeding and rough out infected plants and control vectors (with organic insecticides).
Q: Management of green mould in mushroom beds?
A: Green mould attack in mushroom bed is prevented with proper boiling (sterilization) of the paddy straw and by using 3% garlic extract while making the bed.
Q: Management of insect posts in mushroom beds?
A: The common insect pests of mushroom like the phosid fly and beetles like managed with spraying any neem oil product like Nashak, Osok, Multineem @ 3ml/lt once immediately after opening the bed. Using and in the ventilations and smoke also prevent the adults from laying their eggs on the beds and fruit bodies.
Q: When should be mushroom beds opened and watered?
A: The mycelial run is usually complete within 15-20 days of spawning, the bed should be opened when white mycelia is seen forming a mat with the straw. Only on the next day of opening, the bed is to be watered and usually watering is done twice in the summer days and only once in winter days.
Q: Which spawn is to be used?
A: Commercial or planting spawn of the 3rd to 5th generation i.e T3 – T5 are considered best. The spawn should not have any blemishes or bacterial islands and should be white in colour.
Q: Marketing aspect of mushroom?
A: Mushroom has a ready market in this place and higher income can be expected with value addition. Like pickling and drying.
Q: Cost involvement in processing industry of mushroom?
A: Sun drying is the best and low cost method of preserving mushrooms for long period. Pickling can be done with less cost involvement and on small scale basis initially by farming co-operatives.
Q: How Brown Plant Hooper can be controlled?
A: Brown Plant Hopper can be controlled by following methods.
Cultural control:-
Drain out water from field for 3-4 days . Maintain optimum plant population, preparing alley (skip 1 row after each 20 rows)
Chemical Control:-
Monocrotophos 36 SL @ 400 ml
Ethofenprox 10 EC @ 300 ml
Phosalone 35 EC@ 400ml
Imidacloprid @ 40 ml
BPMC @ 400 ml per area in 200 Lit of water.
Direct the nozzle to the base of the plant.
Spray neem based pesticide @ 4-5 ml per Lit at the base of plant.
Q: How Blast disease can be controlled?
A: Blast disease can be controlled by the following methods.
Cultural:- Avoid raising seedlings in upland areas. Avoid excess application of N fertilizer beyond 80 kg/ha. Apply balanced fertilizer NPK in 2-3 splits.
Chemical:-Hinosan 50EC @ 2ml/Lit of water.
Bavistin 50 WP @ 2.5 g/Lit of water
Aqueous extract of bael leaves(A.marmelous) @ 25 g/Lit to be grinded and mixed in 1 Lit water.
Tulsi leaves(0.Sanctum) @ 25 g to be steamed for 15 minutes and mixed in 1 Lit water.
Q:What are the different seed dressing fungicides?
A: Thiram captan are most effective seed protectant and least phytotoxic.used as dry seed protectant at a dosage of 2.5gm/kgfor dry seed.effective against Pythium,Phytophthora,Rhizoctonia,fusarium and several other fungi causing poor emergence and other seed and seedling disease.Vitavix,Plantavax,bavistin,benlate used as prophylactic and curative seed treatment;dry seed dressing at the rate of 2gm/kg seed.Effective against internally seed borne smuts.
Q: Post harvest treatment of fruits and vegetables?
A: 1.Benlate(benomyl) 2.Carbenbazim(bavistin)applied as pre harvest spray150-450 ppm &75-450ppm as post harvest dip for half minute to control a wide variety of fruits and vegetables which are problems during storage,transport &marketing.
Q: Management of common smut and head smut of Maize?
A: Crop rotation; field sanitation & resistant varieties
Q:Management of powdery mildew of peas?
A: Use healthyu seeds; foliar spray with copper fungicide like Fytolan; Blitozx-50 @4gm/liter of water; spray Bordeaux mixture 1%
Q:Management of Mosaic of Tapioca?
A:Use resistant varieties;spraying insecticides like chloropyriphos20EC; Endosulfon35Ec;Monocrotophos36SL@1.5ml/litre of water for control of vector;collect seed stock from healthy plants.
Q: Management of blight of onion?
A: Spraying with copper fungicides 2-3 times in crop season starting from month after planting.
Q: Management of Anthracnose of chillies?
A:Seed treatment withcaptasn;thiram;AgrosanGN 2.5gm/kg of seed;spraying plants with copper fungicides at 15 days interval starting from first bunch of fruits to maturity.
Q:Scientific technique of harvesting mushroom?
A: Mushroom appear in flushes. Harvesting should be done carefully and gently twisting and pulling upward the stem of mushroom. Knife or scissor should not be used for harvesting.only mature mushroom should be harvested.when the edge of the mushroom curls upward is considered mature.